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中国新型反舰导弹为美国航母舰队设置了禁航区 |
| www.sinoca.com 2009-11-17 Bloomberg [复制链接] 字体：大 中 小 |
本文为鼎盛社区偶卖糕网友翻译。其中米鳖、土鳖为网络语言，分别指美国、中国。或有调侃之意，并无贬褒之图。请善意读解。
China’s New Missile May Create a ‘No-Go Zone’ for U.S. Fleet
土鳖新导弹给米鳖舰队设置了“禁航区”
By Tony Capaccio
Tony Capaccio报道
Nov. 17 (Bloomberg) -- China’s military is close to fielding the world’s first anti-ship ballistic missile, according to U.S. Navy intelligence.
11月17日（布隆博格）――根据米鳖海军情报，土鳖军队正接近装备世界上首个反舰弹道导弹。
The missile, with a range of almost 900 miles (1,500 kilometers), would be fired from mobile, land-based launchers and is “specifically designed to defeat U.S. carrier strike groups,” the Office of Naval Intelligence reported.
米鳖海军情报处报道说，此导弹射程大概为1500公里，可以从移动陆基发射器发射，是专为打击米鳖航母舰队而设计的。
Five of the U.S. Navy’s 11 carriers are based in the Pacific and operate freely in international waters near China. Their mission includes defending Taiwan should China seek to exercise by force its claim to the island democracy, which it considers a breakaway province.
米鳖海军的11个航母舰队中有5个部署在太平洋并在土鳖附近的国际海域任意航行。它们的使命包括在土鳖寻求武力夺取土鳖称作反叛省的台湾岛时保护这个岛。
The missile could turn this region into a “no-go zone” for U.S. carriers, said Andrew Krepinevich, president of the Center for Strategic and Budget Assessments in Washington.
花生顿的战略及预算评估中心总裁Andrew Krepinevich说此种导弹可以将此地区变为米鳖航母的“禁航区”。
Scott Bray, who wrote the ONI report on China’s Navy, said China has made “remarkable progress” on the missile. “In little over a decade, China has taken the program from the conceptual phase” to “near fielding a combat-ready missile,” he said. Bray’s report, issued in July, was provided to Bloomberg News on request.
米鳖海军情报处这份关于土鳖海军报告的作者Scott Bray说土鳖已经在这导弹上取得了极其显著的进展。他说，只在十多年里土鳖就将此计划从概念阶段发展到接近装备实战导弹。应布隆博格新闻的请求， 发布与7月份的Bray这份报告被提供给隆博格新闻。
China also is developing an over-the-horizon radar network to spot U.S. ships at great distances from its mainland, and its navy since 2000 has tripled to 36 from 12 the number of vessels carrying anti-ship weapons, Bray, the ONI’s senior officer for intelligence on China, said in an e-mail.
负责土鳖情报的米鳖海军情报处高级官员Bray在一份email中说，土鳖也在开发能从其本土远距离侦测到米鳖舰船的超视距雷达网,而且土鳖海军自2000年以来已经将其携带反舰导弹武器的舰支从12艘增加三倍至36艘。
China’s Strategy
土鳖的战略
The new missile would support China’s “anti-access” strategy to detect and if necessary attack U.S. warships “at progressively greater distances” from its mainland, Krepinevich said.
Krepinevich说新导弹可以支持土鳖的“反进入”战略来监测并在必要时从本土远距离攻击米鳖战舰。
Defense Secretary Robert Gates, in a Sept. 16 speech, said China’s “investments in anti-ship weaponry and ballistic missiles could threaten America’s primary way to project power and help allies in the Pacific -- particularly our forward bases and carrier strike groups.”
米鳖国防部长Robert Gates在9月16日的演讲中说，“土鳖在反舰武器及弹道导弹的投资可能威胁到米鳖投送军力以及帮助太平洋盟友的主要方式，特别是米鳖的前进基地和航母群。”
Admiral Gary Roughead, chief of U.S. naval operations, says the new Chinese missile was one factor in his 2008 decision to cut the DDG-1000 destroyer program from eight ships to three because the vessels lack a missile-defense capability.
米鳖海军运营总长Gary Roughead海军上将说新的土鳖导弹是其在2008决定消减DDG-1000驱逐舰从8艘到3艘的一个因素，因为这种驱逐舰缺乏反导能力。
The Navy instead plans to build up to seven more Lockheed Martin Corp. Aegis-class DDG-51 destroyers and equip them with the newest radar and missiles.
米鳖海军计划建造7艘配备有新型雷达和导弹的Lockheed Martin公司的宙斯盾级DDG-51驱逐舰来代替。
China’s ballistic missile “portends the sophistication of the threats that we’re going to see,” Roughead said in an interview earlier this year.
Roughead在今年早些时候的一访谈中说，土鳖的弹道导弹“构成了我们行将看到的复杂威胁”。
China has ground-tested the missile three times since 2006 and conducted no flight tests yet, Navy officials said.
米鳖海军官员说土鳖自2006年以来已经对此导弹进行了三次地面试验但还未进行飞行试验。
‘Limited Capability’
“有限能力”
General Xu Caihou, China’s No. 2 military official, played down the weapon’s significance.
土鳖第二号军方官员徐材厚将军淡化此武器的重要性。
“It is a limited capability” to meet “the minimum requirement of” China’s national security, Xu, vice chairman of China’s Central Military Commission, said in response to a question following an Oct. 26 speech in Washington.
土鳖中央军委副主席徐10月26日在花生顿回答一提问时说，“这仅是用来满足土鳖国家安全最基本要求一有限的能力”。
Mark Stokes, an analyst who has studied the missile program, said the Navy’s assessment indicates China started to develop the weapon after the March 1996 Taiwan “crisis.” That’s when the Clinton administration sent two aircraft carriers and escort warships into the Taiwan Strait and the surrounding area after China fired missiles near the island before its presidential election, Stokes said.
分析员Mark Stokes在研究了此导弹计划后说，米鳖海军的评估指出土鳖是在1996年3月台湾“危机”后开始开发这武器的，当土鳖于台湾统领大选前向台湾岛附近发射导弹后，克林顿当局向台湾海峡及附近地区派出了2个航母极其护卫舰支。
Stokes just published a study of the weapon for the non- profit Project 2049 Institute in Arlington, Virginia, that studies Asia security issues.
Stokes刚为米鳖弗及尼亚州阿林顿市研究亚洲安全问题的非盈利“2049计划研究所”出版了一份此武器的研究报告。
Alter Rules
改变规则
An article in the May 2009 edition of Proceedings, a magazine published by the U.S. Naval Institute, said the missile “could alter the rules in the Pacific and place U.S. Navy carrier strike groups in jeopardy.”
在米鳖海军学院出版的杂志《论文集》2009年5月版中的一篇文章说此导弹“可能改变太平洋的游戏规则并置米鳖海军航母舰队于危险之中。”
“The mere perception that China might have an anti-ship ballistic missile capability could be a game-changer, with profound consequences for deterrence, military operations and the balance of power in the Western Pacific,” the article said.
此文说，“仅仅意识到土鳖可能拥有一反舰弹道导弹能力就可以改变整个游戏规则，它对米鳖在西太平洋的威慑、军事活动以及力量平衡有着极其深刻的后果。”
Paul Giarra, a defense consultant who studies China’s weapons, called the missile “a remarkably asymmetric Chinese attempt to control the sea from the shore.”
研究土鳖武器的防卫咨询家Paul Giarra称这种导弹为“土鳖从岸上控制海洋的一杰出的非对称尝试。”
“No American military operations -- air or ground -- are feasible in a region where the U.S. Navy cannot operate,” Giarra, president of Global Strategies and Transformation, based in Herndon, Virginia, said in an e-mail.
米鳖弗及尼亚州Herndon市的“全球战略及转型”总裁Giarra在一email中说，“米鳖的空中及地面军力无法在一个连米鳖的海军都不能运行的地区活动。”
The missiles are intended for launch to a general location where their guidance systems take over and spot carriers for attack with warheads intended to neutralize the ships’ threat by destroying aircraft on decks, launching gear and control towers, Giarra said.
Giarra说此种导弹将发射至一大概位置上后其制导系统接管并识别航母再用其弹头摧毁航母飞行甲板，弹射装置及控制塔来消除航母的威胁。
The Pentagon, in its latest annual report on China’s military, for the first time included a sketch of the notional flight profile of the new Chinese missile but gave little additional detail.
米鳖五角大楼在其最近的土鳖军力年度报告中首次包括了土鳖此新导弹的想象飞行概括草图，但没有给出任何附加细节。
Sky Wave
天波
Bray said China has the initial elements of its new over- the-horizon radar that can provide the general location of U.S. vessels before launching the new missile.
Bray说土鳖已经初步拥有了新超视距雷达，可以在发射此新导弹之前提供米鳖舰船的大概方位。
Stokes said the so-called Sky Wave radar can spot U.S. vessels as far away as 1,860 miles (3,000 kilometers).
Stokes说此种称作“天波”的雷达能够在3000公里外探测到米鳖舰船。
Unlike traditional radar that fires radio waves off objects straight ahead, over-the-horizon radar bounces signals off the ionosphere, the uppermost layer of the atmosphere, which can pick up objects at greater distances.
与发射无线波直接从物体返回的传统雷达不同，超视距雷达从大气层最上层的电离层返回信号，它能够在遥远的距离探测到物体。
The radar is supplemented by reconnaissance satellites, another Navy official said, requesting anonymity. There are 33 in orbit and that number may grow to 65 by 2014, 11 of which would be capable of conducting ocean surveillance, he said.
另一要求匿名的米鳖海军官员说这雷达还由侦察卫星补充。他说在地球轨道上土鳖有33颗侦察卫星，到2014年将增加到65颗，其中会有11颗具有海洋侦察能力。
To contact the reporters on this story: Tony Capaccio in Washington at acapaccio@bloomberg.net
Last Updated: November 16, 2009 16:11 EST
本报道花生顿记者Tony Capaccio的联系地址：acapaccio@bloomberg.net加拿大华人网 http://www.sinoca.com/
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